In my role as a Wealth Management Professional, it is crucial to address investor concerns about interest rate fluctuations and their impact on investment choices. One common question that arises is whether an increase in interest rates for bond investments should prompt a shift from equities to fixed income.
In this blog, we will explore the connection between interest rates, inflation, and investment returns, using a practical example to highlight how taxes can erode the real return when considering a 5% inflation rate and bond/CD yields also at 5%.
Interest Rates, Inflation, and Real Returns:
Interest rates on bonds, including Certificates of Deposit (CDs), often move in tandem with inflation. For instance, let’s assume the prevailing inflation rate is 5%. When inflation increases, central banks may raise interest rates to curb excessive spending and maintain price stability.
Consequently, bond yields are adjusted to align with inflation levels.
The Impact of Taxes on Bond Returns:
While it may initially seem promising to invest in bonds with a 5% yield, we must consider the impact of taxes on investment returns. Let’s assume the investor falls under the 22% tax bracket. The interest income earned from bonds is subject to this tax rate. Therefore, the
investor’s after-tax return from the bond investment would be 5% – (5% * 22%) = 3.9%.
Real Return and Purchasing Power:
Now, let’s consider the impact of inflation on the real return. With a 5% inflation rate and a bond yield of 3.9% after taxes, the investor’s real return (adjusted for inflation) would be -1.1%. This means that the investor’s purchasing power has effectively decreased, as the return failed to
outpace inflation.
The Historical Advantage of Equities:
Equities, defined in our practice as a broadly diversified portfolio of ownership in America’s and the world’s leading companies, have historically been known for their potential to outperform inflation and offer an alternative investment option. While equities come with higher volatility and risks, they have demonstrated the ability to generate substantial returns over the long term. By investing in well-managed companies with growth potential, equity investors have historically been able to preserve and increase their purchasing power.
Diversification and Risk Management:
Rather than making investment decisions solely based on interest rate movements, it is essential to adopt a diversified approach. By combining equities and fixed income assets, such as bonds and CDs, investors can mitigate risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. A
balanced portfolio allows for capital appreciation from equities and stability from fixed income, while minimizing the negative impact of inflation and taxes.
When evaluating the impact of interest rate changes on investment decisions, it is important to consider the broader implications on real returns, including inflation and taxes. A balanced and diversified portfolio tailored to individual needs and goals can help strike a balance between growth and stability. As always, consulting with a financial advisor is recommended to navigate the complexities of interest rate fluctuations and optimize investment strategies based on individual circumstances.